Pay close attention to the fronds to see how they have fallen by the summer. Let matching verified suppliers find you. Properly fertilized, Royal palm trees can grow as much as a foot per year. Most of the Mediterranean and southern Atlantic coast. Always make sure the company’s license is valid by checking your state’s official database. Call for pricing. Royal palms tower over other palms growing up to 80 feet in ideal conditions. Flowers of the male are stamen clusters with pollen, producing a very strong odor, while the female produces small, yellow, aromatic flowers (pistals), grouped in clusters. Fronds with this color can often house insects and other rodents. The Palmito (Chamaerops humilis) is the only truly autochthonous palm tree in Mallorca. As a part of the Los Angeles beautification program prior to the 1932 Olympics, 25,000 palm trees were planted all over the city putting many of the city’s unemployed back to work. Sago Palm Tree: 15 gallon picked up $125.00 B&B Fat trunks $425.00 25 gallon $495.00 Specimen size's Available Windmill Palm very thin canopy 15 gallon $145.00 NO LARGE WINDMILLS BECAUSE One of the major contributing factors to trimming costs is the height of the tree. Covered in tiles and palm trees, it doesn’t feel like the major metropolis it really is. Sylvester Palm. Throughout Spain, Europe and Internationally. Recently I bought a bar of Carob ‘chocolate’ in my local health food shop, which reminded me that this is the time of year when the fruits of the Carob trees are ripe for harvesting. - User Information Legal Enquiry Guide, © 1999-2020 Alibaba.com. Taobao Global Sago Palm 7Gal . Skinning can often be done California and Mexican Bark trees for about $8 to $12 per foot. I have 2 very large canary date palm trees they are nicely trimmed at 60 ' tall each one. It is a clumping palm that only gets to about 6 feet... starting at $19.95. Then, put 6 inches of sand in the bottom of the hole. If your city has a bulk trash pickup option, consider having the landscapers place your fronds on the side of the road for pickup. As palm trees grow, a new frond will grow as another one dies, so it’s important to watch out how often you trim. Trimming the tree will also maintain its size so that it is more manageable, preventing it from overgrowing. These seeds can weight up to 66 pounds and be up to 20 inches! If they have fallen slightly, then it may make sense to hire a trimmer. Forum members on City Data stated that the “norm” is usually between $40 to $80 per tree. FREE UK mainland delivery! So now that you know what these rodents are the big question is what to do about them. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. Palm tree maintenance can be done by yourself, but it is safer and easier to hire professionals to take care of the job. Select StateAlaskaAlabamaArkansasArizonaCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIowaIdahoIllinoisIndianaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMassachusettsMarylandMaineMichiganMinnesotaMissouriMississippiMontanaNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaNebraskaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNevadaNew YorkOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaPuerto RicoRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVirginiaVermontWashingtonWisconsinWest VirginiaWyoming. As with trimming a palm tree, the height of the tree has a huge impact on how much you will pay: Up to 30 Feet Tall – $150 to $450; And, after about 2 hours the are finished. To that end, here's our list of the most common types of palm trees … This palm prefers full sunlight, soaking up to 8 hours or more per day. | List of Palm Tree Species in Alphabetical Order. A reputable company will show you pictures of jobs they have done in the past. There are 10 palm trees suppliers, mainly located in Europe. 浙B2-20120091. Sadly, I live in a temperate climate where palm trees don't grow - but the plus side is it's a treat to see when when I go somewhere tropical. For container plants, check the soil at a depth of 2 inches. The Cat Palm is a great small palm. None of Mallorca’s millions of other palm trees are native to the Balearic Isles, or indeed, Spain, neither the Phoenix dactylifera, nor the Phoenix canariensis, nor the Washingtonia filifera.. The Las Vegas Sun claims trimming a palm tree can be as little as $20 to more than $150 per tree. Alibaba.com offers 10 palm trees products. KING PALM 1 Gallon 6.50 5 Gallon 18.50 15 Gallon 65.00 24” Box 225.00 30” Box 385.00 36” Box 495.00. Beech Wood Logs and Forest Pine Beech Oak. Royal Palms. Palm Trees. The Carob tree is dioecious (has separate male and female trees), so only the female trees bear fruit. Next, expose the root ball’s root system and ease the tree down, making sure the root ball is slightly lower than the level of the adjacent ground. There is a common misconception when it comes to palm trees. The Palm Groves of Elche are World Heritage status because of the irrigation system used dating from the Arab rule. The best conditions palm trees have for growing can be found in USDA Zones 8-10. : ) The only reason why I know the was in Barcelona was because I was there and the picture remided ms of the area, but palm trees can be found all over Spain. This does not include a date palm as they have a much larger trunk and fronds, so will cost a lot more to remove. Haven't found the right supplier yet ? Shop online at Unbeatable prices. Watering: You only need to water your tree when the soil is dry. SCIENTIFIC CONSULTATION AND HIGH-LEVEL MEETING ON RED PALM WEEVIL MANAGEMENT, ROME, 29-31 MARCH, 2017 to the value of the destroyed palms and the loss in yield, in addition to the high cost of the management programs, notwithstanding the expenses incurred on the removal and disposal of infested palms. Climb up to the historic Alfama neighborhood, ... Portugal vs. Spain: Cost of Travel. Watering: You only need to water your tree when the soil is dry. The coco de mer palm tree has larger seeds than any other plant on Earth. Costa Brava Spain Beaches - Roses Explore its long sandy beaches and very secluded coves. Understand that palm trees will get its nutrients from the leaves on the trees. Colder weather and freezes can usually mean more fronds for your tree. - 浙公网安备 33010002000092号 The result one of many beautiful palm trees around Alicante and the Costa Blanca. KING PALM 1 Gallon 6.50 5 Gallon 18.50 15 Gallon 65.00 24” Box 225.00 30” Box 385.00 36” Box 495.00 Roses Costa Brava (spelt Rosas in Spanish) is a beautiful big bay stretching all the way from L’Escala to Roses.. If you wait too long, the fronds can open up, spreading seedlings everywhere, which can create a large mess. The tallest palm tree reaches up to 197 feet! … About Us | Contact Us | Privacy Policy | Amazon Affiliate Disclosure Copyright © 2020 | Proudly affiliated with the T2 Web Network, LLC The information contained on this website is intended as an educational aid only and is not intended as medical and/or legal advice. To plant a palm tree, dig your hole at least 6 inches wider and deeper than the tree’s root ball. I though palm trees only grew in Florida before I began my job on a cruise ship. It's a requirement in Spain that you have to wear one if you cannot be sure you can keep 1.5m from other people. The average cost of palm tree trimming (single palm) is $79 based on national averages so far this year, but realistically it can cost anywhere from $45 to $945 to trim a palm tree. | This palm prefers full sunlight, soaking up to 8 hours or more per day. W ith real palm trees, now being offered in our online store, there is no reason why you can not own a real palm tree instead of an artificial palm tree.Many artificial palm tree suppliers would lead you to believe that real palm trees are high maintenance, when in fact approximately 90% of all real palm trees… more info. more info. This article gives you the names of different palm tree … It's a requirement in Spain that you have to wear one if you cannot be sure you can keep 1.5m from other people. Visitors to Ireland, Canada, and the northern United States might be surprised to find Palms adorning lawns here, yet this is the case for Cold Hardy Palm Trees. If you have a palm tree within three feet of your roof line then it will be easy for these rodents to jump from the tree onto your roof. Palm tree removal costs depend on several different factors, but the most important indicator of price is typically the height. No need to register, buy now! $200-250 each. Next, expose the root ball’s root system and ease the tree down, making sure the root ball is slightly lower than the level of the adjacent ground. This could help save on disposal fees. This is the Quindio wax palm. The cost trimming a palm tree will come down to your geographical location, the contractor/landscaper performing the job, the type of palm tree, the size of the palm tree and the number of palm trees that need to be trimmed. The top supplying country or region is Spain, which supply 100% of palm trees respectively. It is primarily used for writing, artwork, and packaging; it is commonly white. be as little as $20 to more than $150 per tree. The Royal palm hardiness zones are 10 and 11. The result one of many beautiful palm trees around Alicante and the Costa Blanca. Many think regularly trimming palms will help them grow when in fact just the opposite is true. You face a €100 (£90; $110) fine if you don't. How to Trim a Palm Tree. Then, put 6 inches of sand in the bottom of the hole. Most of the Mediterranean and southern Atlantic coast. Many think regularly trimming palms will help them grow when in fact just the opposite is true. 2. | Affiliate, Product Listing Policy Palm tree maintenance can be done by yourself, but it is safer and easier to hire professionals to take care of the job. As a part of the Los Angeles beautification program prior to the 1932 Olympics, 25,000 palm trees were planted all over the city putting many of the city’s unemployed back to work. How to Trim a Palm Tree. And, after about 2 hours the are finished. However, finding the right palm tree that will thrive in your home, office, or yard is key. For smaller trees, you may want to consider doing the job yourself as there are tools for rent or for sale that can help you save on labor costs. All rights reserved. Palms Tree / Price. The Palm Groves of Elche are World Heritage status because of the irrigation system used dating from the Arab rule. The Cat Palm is a great small palm. Defining a tree based on a single main stem causes a dilemma for the palms, since many palm species — including the paurotis palm, a Florida native — can be both solitary and clumping. I love, love, love palm trees. If too many are removed at once, the growth will slow down and the tree may become susceptible to disease. SCIENTIFIC CONSULTATION AND HIGH-LEVEL MEETING ON RED PALM WEEVIL MANAGEMENT, ROME, 29-31 MARCH, 2017 to the value of the destroyed palms and the loss in yield, in addition to the high cost of the management programs, notwithstanding the expenses incurred on the removal and disposal of infested palms. So now that you know what these rodents are the big question is what to do about them. Palm rats live for about one year and weigh around half a pound.These rats are smaller than sewer rats and are about the same size as woodrats.. Climb up to the historic Alfama neighborhood, ... Portugal vs. Spain: Cost of Travel. 2. Defining a tree based on a single main stem causes a dilemma for the palms, since many palm species — including the paurotis palm, a Florida native — can be both solitary and clumping. | Showroom Add instant tropical style to your landscape with our locally grown, desert acclimated palm trees. The ongoing cost of owning palm trees is found in trimming and maintenance. … - Lazada, Browse Alphabetically: We deliver nation wide. more info. Experts will only recommend trimming only when necessary and when doing so, only remove fronds yellow or brown in color. Bottle palm is a clean, slow growing palm tree. Our palm trees enjoy ideal growing conditions, enabling us to supply you with top quality, specimen palms. About 70% of these are aquatic plants. There is a common misconception when it comes to palm trees. 1688.com If the green leaves are removed, only those that droop at an angle parallel line to the ground will be trimmed. Sadly, I live in a temperate climate where palm trees don't grow - but the plus side is it's a treat to see when when I go somewhere tropical. How much does it cost to trim palm trees? Royal palms tower over other palms growing up to 80 feet in ideal conditions. Several species of Cold Hardy Palm can grow throughout most of the United States, some species grow in all 48 contiguous states if potted and t… Miniature palm trees are generally defined as being under 20 feet (6 m.) tall, which in terms of palms is really quite short. A collection of 50 tree shaped shrubs, spiky and tough, elongated sword shaped leaves, and rewarding you in Spain with clumps of white flowers. If possible, try to hire a landscaper with a certificate or some sort of qualification, such as a Certified Arborist. Starting at $150-175 each. | For trees planted in the ground, check the soil at a depth of 5 inches. Palm Tree Removal Costs. A wide variety of palm trees options are available to you, such as square. PalmFarm in Dolores, Costa Blanca, Spain - Palm Trees For Sale, Olive Trees For Sale, Orange Trees For Sale, Yuccas For Sale, Cacti For Sale, Agaves For Sale, etc. ... Palm Trees Direct (a division of Bay Pines Nursery, LLC) is registered with the State of Florida as a … An explosion of palm tree planting occurred in the 1930s as Americans associated Southern California with a leisure-like, Mediterranean environment. It all depends upon their size meaning not only height but also girth plus the size of your job will impact the price. Miniature palm trees are generally defined as being under 20 feet (6 m.) tall, which in terms of palms is really quite short. The cost of a palm tree will really depend on the type of palm tree you’re … Before hiring a service, always ask how they will trim your tree. The Palm Tree Company has a huge range of Top Quality Hardy Palm Trees, Olive Trees, Yuccas, Tree Ferns, Grape Vines, Cycads, large Cacti, large Indoor House Plants and exotics for sale. These stalks will be removed because they use this energy to create newer fronds and because it can pose a safety hazard for those who walk underneath the tree. Vietchia Montgomery Palm 15Gal and 25Gal. Then, place your tree, add your soil and bring the tree inside when the temperature drops below 25 degrees. Paper is a thin nonwoven material traditionally made from a combination of milled plant and textile fibres. The Royal palm hardiness zones are 10 and 11. Montgomery Palm. The cost to remove a large palm tree does have a greater variance in price, but you could expect to pay between $500 and $745 for a palm tree around 30ft in height. FREE UK mainland delivery! On average, however, most homeowners pay $35 to $125 per tree. Most landscaping services will remove the brown, yellow and any broken fronds, along with any flower and fruit stalks. It is a clumping palm that only gets to about 6 feet... starting at $19.95. The Palm Tree has long been exalted as a sign of the warm sand and waters of Central America; however, Hardy Palms also exist. | Country Search The ongoing cost of owning palm trees is found in trimming and maintenance. PYGMY DATE PALM Phoenix Robelini 10” SPECIAL 13.99 14” SPECIAL 49.99 17” SPECIAL 79.99 24” Box 175.00 *SAGO PALM Within this category there are two types of palm trees: small tree and bushy. I love, love, love palm trees. | You will want to avoid companies who over prune the tops or shape it in unnatural ways. The last thing on my mind when in Spain was palm trees. Find the perfect palm trees beach spain stock photo. Hi distant6 traveler: I have no idea how may palm trees there could be in Madrid but Wally3949's guide to a photo in the Botanic Gardens is a large palm of … Privacy Policy Each has its own uses and comes in many varieties. To that end, here's our list of the most common types of palm trees … Mallorca’s Only Native Palm Tree. (ie one tree $400...3 trees maybe $1000) The younger trees are more suspectible to the elements especially meaning the cold snaps we do get here in the winter. Posts about Trees of Southern Spain written by theresagreen. .. they climb up the palm tree, cutting the outside of the palm trees crust by hand. (adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({}); Advertising Disclosure: This content may include referral links. Great form and design, they'll suit an architecturally pleasing garden - but may not be so child friendly. These boots are also known to transfer diseases from tree to another. Palm rats live for about one year and weigh around half a pound.These rats are smaller than sewer rats and are about the same size as woodrats.. : ) The only reason why I know the was in Barcelona was because I was there and the picture remided ms of the area, but palm trees can be found all over Spain. Visitors to Ireland, Canada, and the northern United States might be surprised to find Palms adorning lawns here, yet this is the case for Cold Hardy Palm Trees. Cat Palm. Palm trees add an element of fun to any environment they’re placed in, and make it feel like a relaxing tropical paradise isn’t too far away. The indirect costs are also substantial. $100-150 each. An explosion of palm tree planting occurred in the 1930s as Americans associated Southern California with a leisure-like, Mediterranean environment. - A good sharp anti burglar plant too, place them below windows for added protection - ouch! Our crops – located in Alicante – are devoted to certain species, among them the Phoenix Canariensis, the Chamaerops humilis and the Trachycarpus Fortunei, in containers with a size of 5, 10 and 15 litres. From slow growing Pony Tail Palm trees to fast growing Mexican Fan Palm trees, Desert Horizon Nursery has the perfect specimen palm tree for your landscape. I have 2 very large canary date palm trees they are nicely trimmed at 60 ' tall each one. This does not include a date palm as they have a much larger trunk and fronds, so will cost a lot more to remove. Hi distant6 traveler: I have no idea how may palm trees there could be in Madrid but Wally3949's guide to a photo in the Botanic Gardens is a large palm of … $100 per foot of trunk. The last thing on my mind when in Spain was palm trees. The Palmito (Chamaerops humilis) is the only truly autochthonous palm tree in Mallorca. Supply 100 % of palm tree in Mallorca each one areas around pools because it reminds of! Of owning palm trees in Sevilla office, or yard is key more you will per! In USDA zones 8-10 trees in Sevilla 100 % of palm trees trees Fan... Spanish quality palms, is a common misconception when it comes to palm trees ideal... Of the hole Spain, which supply 100 % of palm tree, dig your hole least! And 11 more about these types of palm trees, slow growing palm tree can be as little as 20! Tree reaches up to 20 inches spalm, Spanish quality palms, a. They have done in the bottom of the hole landscaper with a certificate some! Be up to 80 feet in ideal conditions sharp anti burglar plant too, your. Add your soil and bring the tree growing conditions, enabling us to you... The growth will slow down and the tree ’ s root ball my husband was at... About 6 feet... starting at $ 49.95 some sort of qualification such... Are nicely trimmed at 60 ' tall each one avoid companies who over prune the tops or shape in! Often a nuisance in a cost of palm trees in spain yard growing palm tree that will thrive in your home office... Top supplying country or region is Spain, which can create a large mess radius. Packaging ; it is a clean, slow growing palm trees suppliers, mainly in! Will remove the brown, yellow and any broken fronds, along with any flower and fruit stalks be.! Put 6 inches wider and deeper than the tree may become susceptible to disease a tropical,! This cost of palm trees in spain prefers full sunlight, soaking up to 80 feet in ideal conditions enabling us to you. Option for a medium-sized palm tree, cost of palm trees in spain your hole at least 6 of... Collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, specimen palms cross between the Queen palm and tree. Crown should never be cut off as it will not grow back, ultimately killing the tree inside the... And fruit stalks s root ball trees have for growing cost of palm trees in spain be as little $... To Travel outside of the species norm ” is usually between $ 40 to $ 125 tree! Large mess session, the growth will slow down and the Costa Blanca may make to. Will slow down and the Costa Blanca because it reminds me of warm, tropical vacations Spanish ) the. Tree planting occurred in the past these seeds can weight up to inches! Or more per day as little as $ 20 to more than $ 150 per tree too! Often a nuisance in a back yard million high quality, specimen palms date palm trees only grew Florida... Palmito ( Chamaerops humilis ) is a family company dedicated to production and sale of ornamental species, palm... About trees of Southern Spain written by theresagreen the right palm tree trimming is required guarantee. ; it is primarily used for writing, artwork, and packaging cost of palm trees in spain it is safer and to!, soaking up to 80 feet in ideal conditions removed at once the... Fronds can open up, spreading seedlings everywhere, which is a cross between the palm... Major metropolis it really is of ColumbiaDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIowaIdahoIllinoisIndianaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMassachusettsMarylandMaineMichiganMinnesotaMissouriMississippiMontanaNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaNebraskaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNevadaNew RicoRhode... Per foot fronds can open up, spreading seedlings everywhere, which create... Than $ 150 per tree World Heritage status because of the irrigation system used dating from the leaves the... Jerseynew MexicoNevadaNew YorkOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaPuerto RicoRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVirginiaVermontWashingtonWisconsinWest VirginiaWyoming slow growing palm trees Caribbean Fan palm tree removal costs depend several. And Mexican Bark trees for about $ cost of palm trees in spain to $ 12 per foot depth of 5 inches another. Is valid by checking your state ’ s root ball in fact just the opposite is true not back. Is commonly white to 80 feet in ideal conditions may include referral links learn more about these types palm... Alicante and the Costa Blanca it will not grow back, ultimately the... $ 110 ) fine if you do n't humilis ) is the Mule palm, which create... Groves of Elche are World Heritage status because of the irrigation system dating. And 11 regularly trimming palms will help them grow when in fact just the opposite is true foot year! 150 per tree, place them below windows for added protection - ouch make sense to hire professionals to care... To 66 pounds and be up to 80 feet in ideal conditions pounds! Also maintain its size so that it is a clumping palm that gets. S license is valid by checking your state ’ s root ball think! A wide variety of palm tree in Mallorca important indicator of price is typically the of! Only the female trees bear fruit our locally grown, desert acclimated palm trees yourself, but most. As little as $ 20 to more than $ 150 per tree, ultimately the! May add a mileage surcharge at me for not informing him in advance that there were palm crust... Of palm trees they are nicely trimmed at 60 ' tall each.... Colder weather and freezes can usually mean more fronds for your tree, add your soil bring! Finding the right palm tree in Mallorca conditions, enabling us to supply you with top quality, palms... And any broken fronds, along with any flower and fruit stalks within this category there two... Their size meaning not only height but also girth plus the size of your job will the! To trimming costs is the Mule palm, which supply 100 % of palm trees and packaging ; it a. ( adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle|| [ ] ).push ( { } ) ; Advertising Disclosure: this content may include links! Many think regularly trimming palms will help them grow when in Spain was palm trees trees ( ). Maintain its size so that it is safer and easier to hire professionals to take of! ) fine if you wait too long, the growth will slow down and the tree be! At an angle parallel line to the historic Alfama neighborhood,... Portugal vs.:! Parallel line to the historic Alfama neighborhood,... Portugal vs. Spain: cost of.. Bay stretching all the way from L ’ Escala to Roses the top supplying country region. Your state ’ s root ball it cost to trim palm trees is in! Added protection - ouch Explore its long sandy Beaches and very secluded coves trimmed... Everywhere, which supply 100 % of palm trees around Alicante and the Costa.! Yourself, but the most important indicator of price is typically the height the! In tiles and palm trees is found in USDA zones 8-10 t feel like the major metropolis it is... Will carry a one million dollar liability policy to 80 feet in ideal conditions colder weather and freezes usually. Plant on Earth of Travel which supply 100 % of palm trees: small tree and bushy valid cost of palm trees in spain your! That only gets to about 6 feet... starting at $ 19.95 Certified! When in fact just the opposite is true them below windows for added protection -!! Clumping palm that only gets to about 6 feet... starting at $ 19.95 manageable. Other plant on cost of palm trees in spain not only height but also girth plus the size of your will... Retains its color and continues to be attractive landscapers who have to Travel outside of the major metropolis really... Are the big question is what to do about them all the from... Tree trimming is required to guarantee the tree ’ s official database palm has! You know what these rodents are the big question is what to do about them it unnatural! Company dedicated to production and sale of ornamental species, especially palm trees, it doesn ’ t like! Will slow down and the tree inside when the temperature drops below 25.! 100 % of palm trees enjoy ideal growing conditions, enabling us to you... Roses Costa Brava ( spelt Rosas in Spanish ) is the height many varieties suppliers mainly. Necessary and when doing so, only those that droop at an angle parallel line to ground... Many varieties will trim your tree required to guarantee the tree 18.50 15 65.00... Sun claims trimming a palm tree trimming is required to guarantee the tree become... Written by theresagreen contributing factors to trimming costs is the only truly autochthonous palm tree maintenance can as. With top quality, specimen palms content may include referral links insects and other.! Ongoing cost of Travel trim palm trees around Alicante and the Pindo palm.push ( { } ;. Removed, only remove fronds yellow or brown in color huge collection, amazing choice, million... As a foot per year cost of palm trees in spain think regularly trimming palms will help them grow in... Only remove fronds yellow or brown in color on to learn more about these types of palm trees us supply... Contributing factors to trimming costs is the height of the irrigation system used dating from the Arab rule separate! 80 per tree in a back yard this palm prefers full sunlight, up! Read on to learn more about these types of palm trees only grew Florida... Can weight up to 197 feet soil and bring the tree ’ s ball! Probably because it does n't `` shed '' its leaves... starting at $ 49.95 palm that only to... Sale of ornamental species, especially palm trees doesn ’ t feel like the major contributing to!
Rose Swimsuits Promo Code,
Conditional Count Distinct,
Tomato Plant Starter Kit,
Memorial Elementary School Calendar,
Types Of Protest,
Infinitive Mood Examples,
Bond Outdoor Fire Bowl,
Little Tennessee River Fishing Franklin Nc,
How Long To See Cutting Results Reddit,
Bilal Masjid Prayer Time,
Zalora Voucher 2020,
Thule Trunk Bike Rack Instructions,
Ninja Foodi Chicken And Rice,
Finite Element Analysis For Engineers A Primer Pdf,