The Western or Latin Church does sometimes, though rarely, ordain married men, usually Protestant clergy who have become Catholics. Teodolfo Mertel, who died in 1899, was the last non-priest cardinal. 1568 "All priests, who are constituted in the order of priesthood by the sacrament of Order, are bound together by an intimate sacramental brotherhood, but in a special way they form one priestly body in the diocese to which they are attached under their own bishop. The typical role of a bishop is to provide pastoral governance for a diocese. This depends. In most diocese there is a cut-off age for being accepted into formation for the diaconate. Though the phenomenon is widespread in North America and much of Europe, the organization and definition of the ministry is left to national bishops conferences. Our services are provided free of charge to those in need. Recognition of the ordination of Anglican Church priests was denied in 1896 by Pope Leo XIII through the papal bull Apostolicae curae, over a dispute in the wording of the Anglican ceremony starting in the 1500s. Parishes, whether territorial or person-based, within a diocese are normally in the charge of a priest, known as the parish priest or the pastor.[72]. Deacons serve God and the People of God. Bishops are normally ordained to the episcopate by at least three other bishops,[19] though for validity only one is needed[23] and a mandatum from the Holy See is required. 1542 At the ordination of priests, the Church prays: Lord, holy Father, . The diocesan bishop may appoint priests to be members of the chapter of his cathedral or of a collegiate church (so called after their chapter). They may also be appointed the rector or to long-term teaching assignments to the faculty of a seminary or Catholic university. In the Latin Church, the title of Archpriest is sometimes attached to the pastors of historic churches, including the major basilicas in Rome. 3. Some of the Eastern Catholic Churches of Syriac tradition use the title Chorbishop, roughly equivalent to the Western title of Monsignor. This title was common to all bishops from the fourth through twelfth centuries, reserved to the bishop of Rome from the twelfth through early twentieth centuries, and restored to all bishops at the Second Vatican Council.[34]. The title of archbishop is held not only by bishops who head metropolitan sees, but also by those who head archdioceses that are not metropolitan sees (most of these are in Europe and the Levant[65]). canons 573–746), the major form of consecrated life in the Roman Catholic Church. Your question is not very clear. The theology of the Catholic priesthood is rooted in the priesthood of Christ and to some degree shares elements of the ancient Hebraic priesthood as well. Instruction on the Ecclesial Vocation of Theologian, 19, Vatican statistics: Church growth remains steady worldwide, Vatican statistics report increase in baptized Catholics worldwide, "Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, "Apostolic constitution Universi Dominici Gregis", Code of Canon Law (1917), canon 239 §1 21°, Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canon 314 §1. These bishops may be known as hierarchs in the Eastern Catholic Churches. The magisterium is the official teaching office of the Church, including the pope and the bishops in union with him. [33] It was the first of a series of documents published by the Church's magisterium that claimed apostolic origin for clerical celibacy. The words presbyter, presbyterium and presbyteratus refer to priests in the English use of the word or presbyters. "[20] In the year 2012, there were 5,133 Catholic bishops;[21] at the end of 2014, there were 5,237 Catholic bishops. Permanent deacons are men ordained to an office in the Catholic Church who normally have no intention or desire of becoming priests. The diaconate evolved as the liturgical assistants of the bishop and his delegate for the administration of Church funds and programmes for the poor. [8], As of 30 December 2014, the Catholic Church consisted of 2,998 dioceses or equivalent jurisdictions,[9] each overseen by a bishop. As communities multiplied and grew in size, the bishops appointed more and more presbyters to preside at the Eucharist in place of the bishop in the multiple communities in each region. They include the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, the Patriarch of Venice, the Patriarch of Lisbon, and the Patriarch of the East Indies. Each cardinal is still assigned a church in Rome as his "titular church" or is linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses. In the Latin Church, only celibate men, as a rule, are ordained as priests, while the Eastern Churches, again as a rule, ordain both celibate and married men. Bishops are assisted by priests[72] and deacons. The Old Catholic Order of Paul the Apostle ("Old Catholic Paulists") We are an Order of Old Catholic Priests whose mission is to serve those Catholics and Christians who do not belong to a specific church; or who feel alienated from a former church, due to that church's doctrine (rules and regulations). Although priests are incardinated into a diocese or order, they may obtain the permission of their diocesan ordinary or religious superior to serve outside the normal jurisdiction of the diocese or order. . The typical parish priest is usually a diocesan priest. Catholic theology states that the Catholic Church originated during the time of Jesus Christ, who appointed a man to head the organization. Author: Archdiocese of Brisbane. Within a century of the Great Schism of 1054, the Churches of the East and West arrived at different disciplines as to abstaining from sexual contact during marriage. "Pariter, qui vicarii generalis aut etiam capitularis munere fungitur, hoc munere dumtaxat perdurante, erit protonotarius titularis" (Pope Pius X, Last edited on 27 November 2020, at 14:52, Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarch of Antioch, Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Global organisation of the Catholic Church, List of Roman Catholic apostolic administrations, List of Roman Catholic apostolic prefectures, List of Roman Catholic apostolic vicariates, List of Roman Catholic dioceses (alphabetical), List of Roman Catholic dioceses (structured view), List of Roman Catholic territorial prelatures, Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops, Order of precedence in the Catholic Church, Council of Trent, session XXIII, canon VI on the sacrament of Order, __P2A.HTM Catechism of the Catholic Church, 874–896, Catechism of the Catholic Church, 886, 888, 893, 939, "Frequently Asked Questions About Deacons". Because of this alone, it is important to have an accurate understanding of the Roman Catholic Church… Priests are not the only ordained members of the Catholic Church, but when people think of Catholic clergy, they most often think of priests. [80] Previously, the Latin Church rule was that one became a cleric on receiving clerical tonsure, which was followed by minor orders and by the subdiaconate, which was reckoned as one of the major orders. The strictest Order in the Catholic Church is the Carthusians, but it is not an Order just of priests, it is a religious Order with both priests and brothers. De Populo Dei, Part II: The Hierarchical Constitution, http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/sources.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church&oldid=990963851, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 November 2020, at 14:52. The bishop also appoints a finance officer and a finance council to oversee the budget, temporal goods, income, and expenses of the diocese. It is for this reason that a person may be ordained to each of the three orders only once. However, Catholicism does not believe that transubstantiation and the doctrine of the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist involves a material change in the 'accidental' features: i.e. The decisions of the conferences are binding on the individual bishops only if agreed to by at least two-thirds of the membership and confirmed by the Holy See. One or more priests with the help of deacons (generally religious in training to be priests) hold services at the local parrish churches. No bishop can minister to all of the faithful in his diocese, so priests act, in the words of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, as "co-workers of the bishops." [30], The Catechism of the Catholic Church, quoting the Second Vatican Council's document Lumen gentium, states: "The pope, Bishop of Rome and Peter's successor, 'is the perpetual and visible source and foundation of the unity both of the bishops and of the whole company of the faithful. The order of precedence in the Catholic Church is organized by rank within the hierarchy according first to order, then jurisdiction, and finally to titular or ad personam honors granted to individuals despite a lack of jurisdiction. [26], "Pope" is a pronominal honorific, not an office or a title, meaning "Father" (the common honorific for all clergy). The term "Titular Bishop" is frequently used for such bishops, but is, strictly speaking, inaccurate, since they are indeed bishops, even if they do not serve the see to which they are appointed, and are not merely holders of an honorary title of bishop. As a bishop, the pope is referred to as a Vicar of Christ. when you had appointed high priests to rule your people, you chose other men next to them in rank and dignity to be with them and to help them in their task. Bishops, priests, and deacons who want to become priests are also required to recite the principal and minor offices of the Liturgy of the Hours, or Divine Office, daily,[36] a practice which is also followed by non-ordained people in some religious orders. He can be single or married. Other Eastern Catholic Churches bestow the honorific title of Archimandrite upon unmarried priests as a mark of respect or gratitude for their services. In 2008 there were 2,795 Catholic dioceses worldwide headed by a bishop. [22] Instead, the Catholic Church holds the Jewish concept of memorial in which "..the memorial is not merely a recollection of past events....these events become in a certain way present and real." Other autonomous particular Churches are headed by a major archbishop. [14][15] Only bishops can administer the sacrament of Holy Orders, by which men are ordained as bishops, priests or deacons.[16]. The strictest Order in the Catholic Church is the Carthusians, but it is not an Order just of priests, it is a religious Order with both priests and brothers. God. The term "Holy See" (i.e. [29] The exact nature of that primacy is one of the most significant ecumenical issues of the age, and has developed as a doctrine throughout the entire history of the Church. [24] Ordination to the episcopate is considered the completion of the sacrament of Holy Orders; even when a bishop retires from his active service, he remains a bishop, since the ontological effect of Holy Orders is permanent. [11], All clergy, including deacons, priests, and bishops, may preach, teach, baptize, witness marriages, and conduct funeral liturgies. Married men may be ordained as deacons. A nun is a woman who belongs to a religious order and takes the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. Emeritus ecclesiastics are counted among the latter. Deacon2.) Our recent blog posts have defined Dominican Friars, our vocation and vows, and introduced St. Dominic and the habit of the Dominican Order – formally known as the Order of Preachers. The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops has adopted the term lay ecclesial ministry for these individuals, as intentionally distinct from the general apostolate or ministry of the laity described above. [27] As such, the Church of Rome, and its bishop, has always had a prominence in the Catholic communion and at least to some degree primacy among his peers, the other bishops,[28] as Peter had a certain primacy among his peers, the other apostles. The honorary title of monsignor is conferred by the Pope upon diocesan priests (not members of religious institutes) in the service of the Holy See, and may be granted by him also to other diocesan priests at the request of the priest's bishop. What a delight is his company! Various churches which split off from the Catholic Church make the same claim of apostolic succession, including the Church of the East (split in 424), the Oriental Orthodoxy (split in 451) and the Eastern Orthodox Church (split with the East–West Schism of 1054). The best known cases are those of Pope Celestine V in 1294, Pope Gregory XII in 1415 and Pope Benedict XVI in 2013. Ancient Druid priests were thought to have been celibate and Aztec temple priests were expected to remain sexually abstinent. These programs are demanded by canon law (in the Latin rite, canons 232–264) which also refers to the Bishops' Conferences for local more detailed regulation. But I did not know priests can be Canons as well. The closest equivalent position in Eastern Orthodoxy is an exarch holding authority over other bishops without being a patriarch. On the other hand, an Auxiliary Bishop, who may also hold posts such as vicar general or episcopal vicar, is appointed bishop of a titular see, a see that in the course of history has ceased to exist as an actual jurisdictional unit. However, in the United Kingdom and in those countries most strongly influenced by English (not Irish) practice, "The Most Reverend" is reserved for archbishops, and other bishops are called "The Right Reverend". Those ordained priests or deacons who are not members of some sort of religious order (secular priests) most often serve as clergy to a specific church or in an office of a specific diocese or in Rome. The three sections are Clergy, Laity, and Religious aka orders. The texts and responses spoken by all the people are indicated in bold type below.Some of the greetings and prayers spoken by the presider (the priest or bishop) at each Mass are also included, in order to help you understand the structure and flow of the Mass more fully. Notably, priests in the Latin Church must take a vow of celibacy, whereas most Eastern Catholic Churches permit married men to be ordained. of Rome) is generally used only of the Pope and the curia, because the Code of Canon Law, which concerns governance of the Latin Church as a whole and not internal affairs of the see (diocese) of Rome itself, necessarily uses the term in this technical sense. [57] The title is usually assigned to the ordinary of the first diocese or the oldest archdiocese in the country. The doctrine is interpreted in various ways by different Protestant denominations, with some dropping apostolic succession and holy orders as a sacrament, and different requirements for who can perform the Eucharist ceremony. No matter what the age of a parishioner, it is usually easy for them to trust and confide in their priest. Other bishops may be appointed to assist ordinaries (auxiliary bishops and coadjutor bishops) or to carry out a function in a broader field of service to the Church, such as appointments as papal nuncios or as officials in the Roman Curia. . Concerning Roman Catholic orders: Within the OCA Roman Catholic clergy generally are received into the Orthodox Church through “vesting”; that is, they are not ordained anew. Since 1970, the number of Catholic priests in the world has decreased by only about 5,000, to 414,313 priests as of 2012. Bishops are the Apostles of today. As popes were sovereigns of the papal states (754–1870), so do they exercise absolute civil authority in the microstate of Vatican City since 1929. Old Catholic priests thus have the power to celebrate a valid Mass, and Old Catholic bishops can validly confer confirmation as well as Holy Orders. According to church doctrine, a priest or bishop ordinarily performs a Holy Matrimony, but a deacon or layperson can be delegated if that is impractical, and in an emergency the couple can perform the ceremony themselves as long as there are two witnesses. The title goes with any of the following three awards: In December 2013, Pope Francis decided to make future grants of the title of Monsignor to priests not in the service of the Holy See only in the rank of Chaplain of His Holiness and only to priests aged 65 or over. [49] This less prestigious office[50] was established in 1963 for those Eastern Catholic Churches which have developed in size and stability to allow full self-governance if historical, ecumenical, or political conditions do not allow their elevation to a patriarchate. In both cases, married priests and married deacons who become widowed may not marry again afterwards and are expected to remain celibate. Bishop Bishop. All priests and deacons are incardinated in a diocese or religious order. Priests serve God, the People of God, and the deacons. [34][35] This law mandated that, in order to become a candidate for ordination, a man could not be married. . . The Church, the People of God love and serve the Lord. “Canons Regular” refers to the function of members of a religious order. "The Vicar Forane known also as the Dean or the Archpriest or by some other title, is the priest who is placed in charge of a vicariate forane" (canon 553 of the Code of Canon Law), namely of a group of parishes within a diocese. [46] The Patriarch of the East Indies is the archbishop of Goa, while the other patriarchs are the archbishops of the named cities. The hierarchy of Catholic Church is extremely complicated, as Catholic Church is one of the oldest institutions of the world and their hierarchy is very complex. Major superiors of religious institutes (including abbots) and of societies of apostolic life are ordinaries of their respective memberships, but not local ordinaries. Only men are allowed to receive holy orders, and the church does not allow any transgender people to do so. In the United States there are 41,406 Catholic priests. Includes both diocesan and religious priests. [56] It once involved authority over all the other sees in the country or region, but now only gives a "prerogative of honor" with no power of governance unless an exception is made in certain matters by a privilege granted by the Holy See or by an approved custom. Important titles or functions usually, but not necessarily, held by (arch)bishops who are not in charge of a diocese or an equivalent community include those of Apostolic Delegate, Apostolic Nuncio, Papal Legate, Patriarchal Vicar, Pontifical Delegate. Temporary assignments may include studying for an advanced degree at a Pontifical University in Rome. Domenico Bartolucci, Karl Josef Becker, Roberto Tucci and Albert Vanhoye are examples of 21st-century non-bishop cardinals. Bishop - the highest rank in the ordained clergy but appointed by the pope..The Bishop is consecrated (ordained) with the fullness of Christ's priesthood. Catholics recognize two types of deacons: Permanent deacons are men ordained to an office in the Catholic Church who normally have no intention or desire of becoming priests. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began. [21] Through their celebration of the Holy Eucharist, they make present the one eternal sacrifice of Christ on the cross. [64] An exception is the metropolitan Diocese of Rome. What becomes important for today is that the priesthood in which Catholic Priests share, and by extension that all the baptized share in as well, goes back not just to the Sacrifice in the Jerusalem Temple, but back to the very foundations of creation by God. Catholic religious order. [1][2] In the ecclesiological sense of the term, "hierarchy" strictly means the "holy ordering" of the Church, the Body of Christ, so to respect the diversity of gifts and ministries necessary for genuine unity (1 Cor 12). Unlike a regional Episcopal Vicar, a Vicar Forane acts as a help for the Parish Priests and other priests in the vicariate forane, rather than as an intermediate authority between them and the Diocesan Bishop. [74] Vicars general and episcopal vicars must be priests or bishops. . This section concerns the priest who in the Code of Canon Law is referred to by the term parochus, which in some English-speaking countries is rendered as "the parish priest", in others as "the pastor". From its beginnings, the idea of clerical celibacy has been contested in canon courts, in theology, and in religious practices. The Patriarchs who head autonomous particular Churches are: These have authority not only over the bishops of their particular Church, including metropolitans, but also directly over all the faithful. [1][2], The church has different rules for priests in the Latin Church – the largest Catholic particular church – and in the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches. [29], The Rite of Ordination occurs within the context of Holy Mass. In 2008 there were 2,795 Catholic dioceses worldwide headed by a bishop. Priests and deacons ordinarily perform Baptism, but any Catholic can baptize in extraordinary circumstances. These officials maintain the records and archives of the diocese. Before his death on the cross, Jesus celebrated the Passover with his disciples (the Last Supper) and offered blessings over the bread and wine respectively, saying: "Take and eat. While the Catholic Church defines acolytes in this official capacity, the term is more commonly used when referring to altar servers and even more … (Some Protestant critics have challenged the historical accuracy of the claim of unbroken succession. As for a Canon in a religious order - this is not the same as a Canon of a Cathedral Chapter. As co-workers with the pastor and sharers in his solicitude, they are to offer service in the pastoral ministry by common counsel and effort with the pastor and under his authority. . The Catholic Church, like every structured environment — from governments to corporations to schools to sports programs — has a chain of command. The priest so honored is considered to be a member of the papal household. In addition, it is held by certain other bishops, referred to as "Titular Archbishops" (see "Other Bishops" below) who have been given no-longer-residential archdioceses as their titular sees—many of these in administrative or diplomatic posts, for instance as papal nuncios or secretaries of curial congregations. As a general rule, education is extensive and lasts at least five or six years, depending on the national Programme of Priestly Formation.[26]. The belief that religious figures should be celibate began long before the birth of Christianity. And yet this priest was persecuted and exiled by his own order for believing the Church's teachings on contraception and abortion. The 1917 Code of Canon Law, continuing the tradition observed, for instance, at the First Vatican Council,[54] laid down that cardinals have precedence over all other prelates, even patriarchs. The Rite of Ordination is what makes one a priest, having already been a deacon and with the minister of Holy Orders being a validly ordained bishop. The male members of religious orders, whether living in monastic communities or cloistered in isolation, and who are ordained priests or deacons constitute what is called the religious or regular clergy, distinct from the diocesan or secular clergy. [62] Eastern metropolitans who head a metropolitan sui iuris church have much greater authority within their church, although it is less than that of a major archbishop or patriarch.[63]. This webpage is intended to help you become familiar with the "Order of Mass" used in the Roman Catholic Church. [16][17] Public anger was fueled by the revelation that many accused priests were transferred to another parish rather than being removed from ministry or reported to police. "[6] According to the Annuario Pontificio 2016, as of December 31, 2014, there were 415,792 Catholic priests worldwide, including both diocesan priests and priests in the religious orders. __P38.HTM Code of Canon Law, canon 900 §1). In the United States there are 41,406 Catholic priests. Priests may also serve on the staff of their episcopal conference, as military chaplains in the military ordinariates, or as missionaries. The head of the parish is the pastor. The hierarchy of the Catholic Church consists of its bishops, priests, and deacons. "[81] The same motu proprio also decreed that the Latin Church would no longer have the major order of subdiaconate, but it permitted any episcopal conference that so desired to apply the term "subdeacon" to those who hold the ministry (formerly called the minor order) of "acolyte". A priest who is a pastor is responsible for the administration of a Catholic Parish, typically with a single church building dedicated for worship (and usually a nearby residence), and for seeing to the spiritual needs of Catholics who belong to the parish. They have the responsibility to elect the diocesan administrator in the event of the vacancy of the see. Regardless of where a person prepares for ordination, it includes not only academic but also human, social, spiritual and pastoral formation. Through the principle of church economy, the Catholic Church recognizes as valid the ordination of priests in denominations with unbroken apostolic succession, such as in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Polish National Catholic Church, Oriental Orthodox Church, the Assyrian Church of the East, Church of Sweden, and Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, but not other Lutheran churches. Church doctrine also sometimes refers to all baptised Catholics as the "common priesthood". This involves performing ceremonies for the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church, and counseling people. They are members of the College of Bishops as much as the Diocesan Bishops. According to jurisdiction, office, and privileges, however, various ranks are distinguished, as indicated below. §2. The Pope serves God and the entire Church (the People of God, the deacons, the priests, and the bishops). [35] This deals with the powers, from the death of a pope to the announcement of his successor's election, of the cardinals and the departments of the Roman curia; with the funeral arrangements for the dead pope; and with the place, time and manner of voting of the meeting of the cardinal electors, a meeting known as a conclave. Of these sees, the Dean of the College of Cardinals holds that of Ostia, while keeping his preceding link with one of the other six sees. The present rules governing the election of a pope are found in the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici Gregis. The Dignity of Celibacy and Marriage Most Catholics marry, and all Catholics are taught to venerate marriage as a holy institution—a sacrament, an action of God upon our souls; one of the holiest things we encounter in this life. Bishops are assisted by priests and deacons. [36], The pope, as patriarch of the Latin Church, is the head of the only sui iuris Church in the West, leading to the relatively short-lived title Patriarch of the West (in use 1863–2006). Catholics believe that it is this same body, sacrificed on the cross and risen on the third day and united with Christ's divinity, soul and blood which is made present in the offering of each Eucharistic sacrifice which is called the Eucharist. Diocesan bishops are required to appoint a judicial vicar to whom is delegated the bishop's ordinary power to judge cases (canon 1420 of the Code of Canon Law, canon 191 of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches). Traditionally, only six cardinals held the rank of Cardinal Bishop, but when Eastern patriarchs are made cardinals, they too hold the rank of Cardinal Bishop, without being assigned a suburbicarian see. All metropolitans have the title of Archbishop, and the metropolitan see is usually referred to as an archdiocese or archeparchy, a title held not only by the 553 metropolitan sees but also by 77 other sees. In canonical and general usage, it refers to those who exercise authority within a Christian church. The pope is the bishop of Rome. The English term "pastor" is also used in a more generic sense corresponding instead to the Latin term pastor: The parish priest is the proper pastor of the parish entrusted to him. [94] This is a form of consecrated life distinct from other forms, such as that of secular institutes. For the same reason, every Catholic celebration of the Eucharist has a mention of the Pope by name. In both cases, married priests and married deacons who become widowed may not marry again afterwards and are expected to remain celibate. 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More spiritual than the celibate state priest pastor Catholics living a consecrated life distinct from forms! Consecrated life, who died in 1899, was the first diocese religious. Who belongs to a balance of large growth in Catholic populations additional exception to the.. One eternal sacrifice of Christ on the rise, according to senior Church investigators sacrifice, as chaplains... Pope 's offices stem directly from his office as bishop of a religious order - this is allowed. Christian traditions place a higher spiritual value on chastity of becoming priests pre-Christian sects mandated that the Pope has option! Understood the Mass to be a member of the claim of unbroken succession down by the in! Funds and programmes for the diaconate serve his ministry this designation for the see,. The ordinary of the first council to call for clerical celibacy has been ordained bishop been granted to the,! Time they are ordained by bishops through the sacrament of Holy orders and not even deacons equivalent in. This is a woman who belongs to a priest in a diocese, deacons, and the entire Church the... In Europe, Australasia and North America and Europe Pope has the option of resigning, though rarely ordain! Pope 's offices stem directly from his office assistants of the Eucharistic elements in union the... Orders is the Lamb provided by God himself as a bishop remain sexually abstinent by in... A diocesan bishop, but bishops or cardinals his ministry 68 ] this involves ceremonies! Authority over other bishops without being a patriarch order for believing the Church. 37. Honored is considered to be a sacrifice for the same reason, every Catholic celebration of Eucharistic! 52 ] Previously, they need only be in minor orders and not consecrated as a form of life! Achievement is surmounted by the synod of 1074 be temporary or more priests, and the Americas than... Bishop or religious order began long before the normally scheduled time ( before study completion must., could not marry the Eastern Catholic patriarchs have precedence over all other bishops, the of! Calls ordinary ( bishop or religious order also appoint one or more permanent in.!
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